Rahul Khadse
When a pc has to send data to a different network address, then data will be forwarded to the router. It will analysis IP address of the data and obtain a route from the routing table. According to the route data will be dropped, If route not available.
Pc Architecture
Router Architecture
(1) Processor
Speed: - 20 MHz to 1GHz
Architecture: - RISC (Reduce Instruction set computer)
Manufacturers: - Motorola, IBM, Power PC, Texas, Dallis, Intel.
(2) Flash RAM
Flash Ram is the permanent read/write memory. This memory is used to store one or more copies of router o/s. Router o/s is also called IOS (Internetwork Operating System).
==> Flash Ram stores the only
The size of flash ram in the router is 211. The flash ram may be available in one
of the following three packages: - SLMM Flash: - Single Line Memory Module , PCMCIA Flash: - Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Architecture , Compact Flash: - (Small Memory)
(3) NVRAM
NVRAM is a “Non Volatile Random Access Memory”. It is used to store the configuration of the Router. The size of NVRAM is 8 KB to 512 KB.
(4) RAM
Ram of the router is divided into two logical parts.
Primary RAM
Primary RAM is used for: -
(a) Running copy of IOS.
(b) Running configuration
(c) Routing table
(d) ARP table (IP address to MAC address)
(e) Processor & other data structure
Shared RAM
Shared RAM is used as a buffer memory to shared the data received from
(ii) Power on self test routines
(iii) Incomplete IOS
(iv) ROM Monitor (ROM-MON)
Booting difference between router & Pc
Router PC
ROM-MON CMOS Setup
Incomplete IOS Bootable Floppy/CD
FLASH O/S From HDD
Router Interfaces & Ports
Interface is used to connect LAN networks or wan networks to the router. Interface will use protocol stacks to send/receive data. Ports are used for the configuration of routers. Ports are not used to connect different n/ws. The primary purpose of port is the management of router.
Router Interfaces
Pc Architecture
(1) Processor
Speed: - 20 MHz to 1GHz
Architecture: - RISC (Reduce Instruction set computer)
Manufacturers: - Motorola, IBM, Power PC, Texas, Dallis, Intel.
(2) Flash RAM
Flash Ram is the permanent read/write memory. This memory is used to store one or more copies of router o/s. Router o/s is also called IOS (Internetwork Operating System).
==> Flash Ram stores the only
The size of flash ram in the router is 211. The flash ram may be available in one
of the following three packages: - SLMM Flash: - Single Line Memory Module , PCMCIA Flash: - Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Architecture , Compact Flash: - (Small Memory)
(3) NVRAM
NVRAM is a “Non Volatile Random Access Memory”. It is used to store the configuration of the Router. The size of NVRAM is 8 KB to 512 KB.
(4) RAM
Ram of the router is divided into two logical parts.
(i) Primary RAM
(ii) Shared RAMPrimary RAM
Primary RAM is used for: -
(a) Running copy of IOS.
(b) Running configuration
(c) Routing table
(d) ARP table (IP address to MAC address)
(e) Processor & other data structure
Shared RAM
Shared RAM is used as a buffer memory to shared the data received from
program & Routines: -
(i) Boot strap loader (doing booting)(ii) Power on self test routines
(iii) Incomplete IOS
(iv) ROM Monitor (ROM-MON)
Booting difference between router & Pc
Router PC
ROM-MON CMOS Setup
Incomplete IOS Bootable Floppy/CD
FLASH O/S From HDD
Router Interfaces & Ports
Interface is used to connect LAN networks or wan networks to the router. Interface will use protocol stacks to send/receive data. Ports are used for the configuration of routers. Ports are not used to connect different n/ws. The primary purpose of port is the management of router.
Router Interfaces
| Interface | Connector | Color | Speed | Use |
| Ethernet | RJ45 | yellow | 10mbps | To connect Ethernet Lan using UTP |
| AUI | DB15 | yellow | 10mbps | To connect ethernet Lan using trans-receiver |
| Fast Ethernet Serial |
RJ45 DB60 |
yellow blue |
100mbps E1-2 mbps T1-1.5 mbps |
To connect ethernet Lan to connect wan technology like lesased lines,radio link |
| Smart Serial BRI ISDN |
SS RJ45 |
blue orange |
"" 192kbps |
"" To connect ISDN Rate,X 25,ATM |
| VOIP | RJ11 | white | Table Cell | To connect Phones,fax EPABX |
AUI – Attachment Unit Interface
EPABX – Electronic Private Automatic Branch
PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
Router Port
| Port | Connector | Color | Speed | Details |
| Console | RJ45 | sky blue | 9600bps | used for configuration using PC |
| Auxiliary | sky blue | black | depend on Modem |
to connect remote router using PSTN line |
| Virtual terminal Vty |
-- | -- | -- | Tto connect remote roter with telnet protocol via interface |
Types of routers:-
(1) Fixed configuration router
(2) Modular router
(3) Chassis based router
Posted in: CCNA
