RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

Features of RIP: -

* Distance Vector

* Open standard

* Broadcast Updates

                   (255.255.255.255)

* Metric

            Hop Count

*Timers

            Update 30 sec

            Invalid 180 sec

            Hold 180 sec

            Flush 240 sec

* Loop Control

            Split Horizon

            Triggered Updates

            Maximum Hop Count

            Hold Down

* Maximum Hop Count 15

* Administrative Distance 120

* Equal Path Cost Load Balancing

* Maximum Load path 6

                          Default 4

* Does not support VLSM

* Does not support Autonomous system

                         Configuring RIP

Router#conf ter

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#network <own net address>

Router(config-router)#network <own net address>

--------------

--------------

Router(config-router)#exit

Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

Router(config-router)#network 200.100.100.0

175.2.0.0 via 172.16.0.6

Display RIP Routers

Router#sh ip route rip

RIP advanced configuration

Passive Interface

An interface, which is not able to send routing updates but able to receive routing update only is called Passive Interface. We can declare an interface as passive with following commands :--

Neighbor RIP

In RIP, by default routing updates are send to the address 255.255.255.255. In some scenarios, it may be required to send routing updates as a unicast from router to another. In this case, we have to configure neighbor RIP.

For example: - in a Frame Relay n/w the broadcast update is discarded by the switches, so if we want to send RIP updates across the switches then we have to unicast updates using Neighbor RIP.

             R1                                                                         R2

Router(config)#router rip                                         Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#neighbor 10.0.0.2                 Router(config-router)#neighbor 10.0.0.1

Configuring Timers

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#timers basic <update> <invalid> <hold down> <flush>

Router(config-router)#exit

Example: -

Router(conf-router)#timer basic 50 200 210 300

Update 50 sec

Invalid 200 sec

Hold 210 sec

Flush 300 sec

To change Administrative Distance

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#distance <value>

Router(config-router)#exit         95 or 100

To configure Load Balance

RIP is able to perform equal path cost Load Balancing. If multiple paths are available with equal Hop Count for the destination then RIP will balance load equally on all paths.Load Balancing is enabled by default 4 paths. We can change the no. of  paths. It can use simultaneously by following command : -

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#maximum-path <1-6>

To display RIP parameters

Router#sh ip protocol

Or

Router#sh ip protocol RIP

This command display following parameters: -

(i) RIP Timers

(ii) RIP Version

(iii) Route filtering

(iv) Route redistribution

(v) Interfaces on which update send

(vi) And receive

(vii) Advertise n/w

(viii) Passive interface

(ix) Neighbor RIP

(x) Routing information sources

(xi) Administrative Distance

RIP version 2

RIP version 2 supports following new features: -

(1) Support VLSM (send mask in updates)

(2) Multicast updates using address 224.0.0.9

(3) Support authentication

Commands to enable RIP version 2

We have to change RIP version 1 to RIP version 2. Rest all communication will remain same in RIP version 

Router(config)#Router RIP

Router(config-router)#version 2

Router(config-router)#exit

To debug RIP routing

Router#debug ip rip

To disable debug routing

Router#no debug ip rip

Or

Router#no debug all

Or

Router#undebug all

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Features: -

* Cisco proprietary

* Distance vector

* Timers

            Update 90 sec

            Invalid 270 sec

            Hold time 280 sec

            Flush 630 sec

* Loop control

            All methods

* Max hop count

            100 upto 255

* Metric (24 bit composite)

            Bandwidth (default)

            Delay (default)

            Load

            Reliability

            MTU

* Broadcast updates to address 255.255.255.255

* Unequal path cost load balancing

* Automatic route summarization

* Support AS

* Does not support VLSM

Configuring IGRP

Router(config)#router igrp <as no>(1 – 65535)

Router(config-router)#network <net address>

Router(config-router)#network <net address>

Router(config-router)#exit

Configuring Bandwidth on Interface for IGRP

By default the router will detect maximum speed of interface and use this value as the  bandwidth metric for IGRP. But it may be possible that the interfaces and working at its maximum speed then we have to configure bandwidth on interface, so that IGRP is able to calculate correct method.

Router(config)#interface <type> <no>

Router(config-if)#bandwidth <value in kbps>

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface serial 0

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 256

Router(config-if)#exit 

Configuring Unequal path cost load balancing

To configure load balancing, we have to set two parameters

(1) Maximum path (by default 4)

(2) Variance (default 1)

Maximum Path: - it is maximum no. of paths that can be used for load balancing simultaneously.

Variance: - it is the multiplier value to the least metric for a destination n/w up to which the load can be balanced.

Router(config)#Router igrp <as no>

Router(config-router)#variance <value>

Router(config-router)#exit

Configuring following options in IGRP as same as in case of RIP: -

(1) Neighbor

(2) Passive interface

(3) Timer

(4) Distance (AD)

(5) Maximum path 

Posted in: CCNA